Glossary of CPTED Terms
Natural Surveillance
The design and placement of physical features, activities, and people to maximize visibility and make it easier to observe and deter potential criminal behavior. This includes using windows, lighting, and layout to ensure that residents and passersby can see and be seen.
Natural Access Control
Strategies that guide people’s movements and limit access to certain areas through physical design. This includes using fencing, gates, and strategic placement of entryways to direct or restrict access and reduce opportunities for crime.
Territorial Reinforcement
Design elements that create a sense of ownership and responsibility among residents. This can be achieved through clear boundaries, such as fencing and signage, that define private spaces and encourage residents to maintain and oversee their own areas.
Maintenance
The upkeep and care of property and its surroundings. Well-maintained environments send a message that a place is actively managed and cared for, which can deter vandalism and other forms of crime.
Traffic Calming
Design strategies to slow down or reduce vehicle speeds in certain areas, making streets safer for pedestrians and reducing the risk of accidents. Examples include speed bumps, roundabouts, and curb extensions.
Landscaping
The strategic use of plants, trees, and other greenery to enhance the aesthetic appeal of a property while also improving safety. Proper landscaping can provide natural surveillance and access control by avoiding dense foliage that obstructs visibility.
Transition Zones
Areas that act as a buffer between public and private spaces, such as fences, hedges, or decorative walls. They help to delineate where public areas end and private areas begin, reinforcing the sense of ownership and security.
Lighting
The use of artificial lighting to enhance visibility and deter crime during the night. Well-lit areas can help increase natural surveillance and make it easier for people to observe and report suspicious activities.
Light Trespass / Light Pollution
Unwanted or excessive artificial light that spills over into areas where it is not needed, such as neighboring properties. Effective lighting design aims to minimize light trespass and pollution while still providing adequate illumination for safety.
Celebrated Entryway
A prominent and well-designed entrance that clearly marks the point of access to a property. This feature not only enhances the aesthetic appeal but also increases visibility and control over who enters the property.
Focal Point
A designated area or feature that draws attention and serves as a point of focus for residents and visitors. Examples include fountains, sculptures, or distinctive architectural elements. Focal points can enhance the attractiveness of an area and support natural surveillance.
Wayfinding
Design elements that help people navigate and orient themselves within a property or neighborhood. This includes clear signage, pathways, and landmarks that make it easier for residents and visitors to find their way and feel secure.
Pedestrian Scale
Design considerations that make spaces feel comfortable and accessible to people on foot. Features such as benches, streetlights, and human-scale proportions create a more inviting environment and encourage walking, which enhances natural surveillance.
Positive and Negative Activity Generators
Elements that influence the types of activities occurring in a space. Positive activity generators, like parks and community centers, attract people and foster a sense of community. Negative activity generators, such as vacant lots or poorly lit areas, may attract undesirable behavior.
Social Management / Community Engagement Programs
Initiatives aimed at fostering a strong sense of community and active involvement among residents. These programs can include neighborhood watch schemes, community events, and regular meetings that encourage cooperation and vigilance.